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source:
http://www.cybertranslator.idv.tw/grammar/sequence.htm
動詞時態 翻譯一致
Sequence of Verb Tenses
對許多英語為第二說話的學生而言，動詞時態的一致性是他們在進修英語過程中所遭受的堅苦之一 翻譯社這一困難在首要主句與從屬子句所表示的時候並不溝通的複雜句子中特別顯而易見。另外一項堅苦是産生在利用亦具有時候感的不定詞、分詞和語氣助動詞時。我們希望下面的列表能有助於寫作者把握准確的時態一致性。
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| 下列表格申明了時候為要素的自力子句與從屬之間准確的時態關係 翻譯社
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| 透露表現較早的動作/曩昔式 | I know that I made the right choice. | |
| 暗示從曩昔某一時候點延續到如今的一段時候/此刻完成式 | They believe that they have elected the right candidate. | |
| 暗示行將到臨的動作/將來式 | The President says that he will veto the bill. | |
| 簡單過去式 | 透露表現另外一完成的動作/曩昔式 | I wanted to go home because I turned nine. The crowd had turned nasty before the sheriff returned. |
| 未來式 | 示意同時産生 翻譯動作/此刻式 | I will be so happy if they 。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯fix my car today. |
| 暗示較早的動作/過去式 | You will surely pass this exam if youstudied hard. | |
| 表示比獨立子句 翻譯動作還要早的將來動作/目前完成式 | The college will probably close its doors next summer if enrollments have notincreased. | |
| 將來完成式 | 不管何種目 翻譯/現在式或現在完成式 | Most students will have taken sixty credits by the time they graduate. Most students will have taken sixty credits by the time they have graduated. |
注意：除非合理的邏輯揣摸還有所指，不然當我們在會商文學作品時，都是使用現在式 (以產生直接性和即時感)："Robert Frost (美國詩人佛洛斯特) describes the action of snow on the birch trees." |
不定詞與分詞時態的一致 missed my parents. | ||
| 透露表現較早 翻譯動作/曩昔完成式 | She knew she had made the right choice. | |
| 論述遍及的事實和真谛/現在式 | The Deists believed that the universe islike a giant clock. | |
| 而今完成式或曩昔完成式 | 不管何種目的/過去式 | She has grown 30cm since she |
| 自力子句的時態 | 從屬子句 翻譯目標/從屬子句的時態 | 例句 |
| 簡單現在式 | 示意統一時候的動作/簡單如今式 | I am eager to go to the concert |
| 不定詞 | ||
| 不定詞的時態 | 不定詞的腳色 | 例句 |
| 此刻不定詞 (to see) | 表示同一時間的動作或比動詞還要晚的動作 | Coach Espinoza is eager to try out her new drills. (eagerness 是目前的動作，而 trying out 則是在厥後産生) |
| She would have liked to see more veterans returning. (目下當今不定詞 to see 與 would have liked 是統一時候的動作) | ||
| 完成不定詞 (to have seen) | 暗示比動詞還要早的動作 | The fans would like to have seen some improvement this year. ("Would like" 論述一種現在情況；而 "to have seen" 則論述在此時候之前的工作) |
| They consider the team to have been coached very well. [完成不定詞 to have been coached 所指 翻譯時候比動詞 consider 還要來得早) | ||
| 分詞 | ||
| 分詞的時態 | 分詞 翻譯腳色 | 例句 |
| 現在分詞 (seeing) | 表示與動詞同時産生的動作 | Working on the fundamentals, the team slowly began to improve. (began 所表達的動作産生在曩昔，與 working 同時産生) |
| 過去分詞或現在完成分詞 | 表示比動詞還要早産生 翻譯動作 | Prepared by last year's experience 翻譯公司 the coach knows not to expect too much. (knows 所表達的動作是産生在而今，而 prepared 所表達 翻譯時候係在此時間之前) |
| Having experimented with several game plans, the coaching staff devised a master strategy. (現在完成分詞 having experimented 所指的時間比曩昔式動詞 devised 還要來得早) | ||
只要首要子句 翻譯動詞不是曩昔式，也不是曩昔完成式，那麼從屬子句的動詞可所以任何可以准確表達意思 翻譯時態。但是，若是首要子句的動詞是過去式或曩昔完成式，那麼從屬子句 翻譯動詞就必需是曩昔式或曩昔完成式。這個法則的破例是，從屬子句是在表達眾所周知 翻譯遍及事實和真谛：
Guide to Grammar and Writing
文章來自: http://blog.xuite.net/masterenglish2018/twblog/100370706-%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E%E6%99%82%E6%85%8B%E7%9A%有關翻譯的問題歡迎諮詢萬國翻譯社
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